IoT-Based Early Detection System for Under Voltage and Over Voltage Protection on Railway Passenger Information  Display Systems

Budi Artono; Yuli Prasetyo; Agung Catur Prasetyo

doi:10.35447/jitekh.v14i2.1511

Authors

Budi Artono Teknologi Rekayasa Elektronika, Politeknik Negeri Madiun, Madiun
Yuli Prasetyo Teknik Listrik, Politeknik Negeri Madiun, Madiun
Agung Catur Prasetyo Teknik Listrik, Politeknik Negeri Madiun, Madiun

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35447/jitekh.v14i2.1511

Keywords:

Passenger Information Display System (PIDS), Running Text Display, Internet of Things (IoT), ESP32, Voltage Protection, Real-Time Monitoring

Abstract

The reliability of the Passenger Information Display System (PIDS) is essential for ensuring safety, passenger comfort, and service quality in railway transportation. In Passenger Coach 612, the running text display delivers real-time travel information, operational status, and safety messages. However, unstable power supply conditions, particularly under-voltage and over-voltage, frequently cause display malfunctions, operational interruptions, and hardware damage. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based protection and monitoring system to detect voltage abnormalities and prevent equipment failure. The system employs an ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller, an INA219 sensor for voltage and current measurement, and a relay module for automatic protection. Protection thresholds were set at 4.3 V for under-voltage and 5.7 V for over-voltage based on the EN 50155 standard and field observations. Operational data are transmitted in real time to an IoT platform and a Realtime Database, enabling remote web-based monitoring. Experimental results show that the proposed system accurately detects voltage disturbances, automatically disconnects the power supply under abnormal conditions, and provides reliable real-time monitoring. Sensor calibration yielded a correction factor of K = 0.981, with a voltage measurement error of only 0.02 V compared with a reference digital multimeter. The proposed system improves the reliability of the running text display, enhances maintenance efficiency through continuous remote monitoring, and contributes to safer and more reliable railway passenger information services.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

G. Min, D. Ka, and C. Lee, “Development of a PID controller for passenger inflow control in congested metro stations using elliptic bivariate relationship,” Transportation Letters, pp. 1–21, Jun. 2026, doi: 10.1080/19427867.2026.2694446.

M. Begum et al., “Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Solutions for Uneven Roads and Balanced Vehicle Systems Using YOLOv8,” Future Internet, vol. 17, no. 6, p. 254, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.3390/fi17060254.

M. El Gamal, “Visible light communication (VLC) using Internet of Things (IoT) in Dark Light system for Smart Room,” Alexandria Journal of Managerial Research and Information Systems, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 129–140, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.21608/ajmris.2023.317552.

M. Z. Arifin, K. B. Utomo, and A. R. Hakim, “Design and Construction of Hydroponic Plant Cultivation Based on the Internet of Things on Lettuce”.

M. H. Ridwan, M. Yuhendri, and J. Sardi, “Sistem Kendali Dan Monitoring Pompa Air Otomatis Berbasis Human Machine Interface,” vol. 4, no. 2, 2023.

B. Triyono, Y. Prasetyo, B. Winarno, and H. H. Wicaksono, “Electrical Motor Interference Monitoring Based On Current Characteristics,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., vol. 1845, no. 1, p. 012044, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1845/1/012044.

H. Al Islami, A. F. Irawan, and S. D. Y. Kusuma, “Implementasi Sistem Monitoring Jaringan dan Server Menggunakan Nagios Berbasis Linux,” Jitekh, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 63–70, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.35447/jitekh.v13i1.1139.

I. Rifaldo and M. Yuhendri, “Sistem Monitoring Kecepatan Motor Induksi dengan HMI Berbasis PLC,” vol. 3, no. 2, 2022.

T. Arifianto et al., “Edukasi Keselamatan Perkeretaapian melalui Visualisasi Deteksi Dini Kerusakan Rel untuk Transportasi Berkelanjutan di SMK Negeri 1 Ngawi,” vol. 3, no. 2, 2026.

A. Pradipta, S. Triwijaya, F. Winjaya, A. Darmawan, and A. Prasetyo Edi W, “Study Quality of Voltage on Single Track AC Railway Traction Electrification,” jrtt, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 41–49, May 2023, doi: 10.37367/jrtt.v2i1.21.

A. Pradipta, A. Suharjono, S. Triwijaya, T. Arifianto, and F. Rozaq, “Feasibility Evaluation of a Microcontroller-Based SCADA Prototype as an Operational Traction Substation Monitoring System,” vol. 5, no. 1, 2026.

S. Triwijaya, A. Pradipta, Y. Prasetyo, and T. Wati, “Comparison OCV, CC and Integration OCV-CC Method for Estimated SOC Battery for RTU System,” no. 1, 2025.

B. Henriquez-Jara, J. Arriagada, and A. Tirachini, “Impact of real-time information on passenger satisfaction across varying public transport quality levels in 13 Chilean cities,” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, vol. 200, p. 104622, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2025.104622.

D. I. Tyastama, S. Suakanto, and D. Pramesti, “Development of a Real-Time Passenger Information Display System for Trains Using IoT and GPS Technologies,” in 2025 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT), Bandung, Indonesia: IEEE, Jul. 2025, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ICoICT66265.2025.11193043.

X. Wang, X. Xu, M. Wong, and J. Liu, “Distributed dynamic route guidance via passenger information display systems for subway disruption management,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 179, p. 105316, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2025.105316.

G. Abdelmoaty and S. Soliman, “Smart Technology Applications in Tourism and Hospitality Industry of The New Administrative Capital, Egypt.,” Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 0–0, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.21608/jaauth.2020.47549.1085.

E. Churniawan, T. Masdini Agustriana, and S. Priyanto, “Railroad Crossings Seen from Indonesia’s Positive Law,” JWS, vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 1031–1037, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.58344/jws.v1i11.110.

Y. Prasetyo, D. N. Prakoso, R. Wicaksono, B. Triyono, and S. Triwijaya, “Analysis of Transformer Protection Systems Using Smart Relays for Electrical Energy Stability,” vol. 07, no. 03, 2023.

Y. Prasetyo, B. Triyono, B. Artono, S. Triwijaya, A. Khakim, and A. N. Ramadhan, “Development of an internet of things-based monitoring system for small vertical axis wind turbine,” no. 2.

Y. Prasetyo, S. Triwijaya, A. Khakim, and D. N. Prakoso, “Integrated IoT System for Real-Time Electrical Load Monitoring,” no. 1.

D. Permata Sari, Jhofy Ricardo P Sitindaon, Dewi Permata Sari, and Rd. Kusumanto, “Implementasi Sistem Monitoring Air Dengansensor Ultrasonik Hc-Sr04 Dan Water Flow Di Asone Hidroponik Berbasis Internet Of Things (IoT) Menggunakan Energi Panel Surya(PLTS),” JASENS, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 22–28, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.52158/jasens.v5i1.918.

M. I. Hermayandi, R. R. Yacoub, and J. Marpaung, “Pemantauan Laju Arus Air Anak Sungai Kapuas di Tayan Hilir Berbasis IoT dan Nirkabel,” Jitekh, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 54–62, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.35447/jitekh.v13i1.1141.

M. F. Majid and N. Nadhiroh, “Pengujian Kinerja Sensor PZEM-004 & PZEM-017 Pada Sistem PLTS,” vol. 10, 2024.

A. Mubarak, J. Jamaaluddin, and I. Anshory, “Implementasi Sensor Pzem-017 Untuk Monitoring Arus, Tegangan dan Daya Pada Instalasi Panel Surya dengan Sistem Data Logger Menggunakan Google Spreadsheet dan Smartphone”.

Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya Indonesia et al., “Perancangan Tensimeter Digital dan Pengiriman Data Ke Monitoring Pusat,” wt, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 82–88, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.33508/wt.v21i2.4477.

B. Zurifqyaldi, T. Hasannuddin, and T. Zulfadli, “Perancangan Sistem Monitoring Arus Dan Tegangan Menggunakan Iot Pada Plts Off Grid,” 2025.