Internet of Things (IoT) Soil Moisture Monitoring System for Automated Precision Irrigation

Alwi Zilva Muhammad; Ratu Mutiara Siregar; Andi Prayogi; Muhammad Akbar Syahbana Pane; Khairul  Saleh

Authors

Alwi Zilva Muhammad Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi, Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia, Medan
Ratu Mutiara Siregar Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi, Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia, Medan
Andi Prayogi Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi, Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia, Medan
Muhammad Akbar Syahbana Pane Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan
Khairul Saleh Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Immanuel, Medan

Keywords:

IOT, ESP32, Sensor, Nursery, Irrigation

Abstract

Water availability is one of the important factors affecting the growth of oil palm seedlings, especially during the pre-nursery phase, where the root system is still shallow and sensitive to changes in soil moisture. Manual irrigation practices often result in inaccurate water distribution, which may cause either water deficiency or excess in the growing media. This study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based soil moisture monitoring and automatic precision irrigation system for oil palm seedlings. The developed system utilizes a soil moisture sensor for detecting soil moisture levels, an ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller, a relay module for controlling the water pump, and an LCD display with cloud monitoring for real-time data visualization. The sensor is installed at a depth of 5–10 cm according to the root zone of the seedlings. The system is configured with moisture parameters where the pump is activated when the soil moisture value is below 40% and stops when the moisture reaches 60–70%. The testing results indicate that the system is capable of performing automatic monitoring and irrigation in a responsive manner with good accuracy. This system is expected to improve water use efficiency and support the optimal growth of oil palm seedlings.

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